(OM & IS ) 1.0 Fabrication Process

Fabrication (metal) Wikipedia


Fabrication is the process of forming, casting, machining and welding of metals.

A fabricating process modifies the physical characteristics of materials with the help of certain labour or
machine operations. It is generally applied in metal working industries. The fabricating process involves
changing the shape of materials and connecting the parts. Fabrication work involves several operations
like forging, gas welding, flame-cutting, etc.

Classification of Fabrication processes:


(A) Fabrication process concerning Iron Smelting: Metals are widely used for fabrication purposes in
most of the modern industries. Various metals like iron have-to be smelted to get them in virgin form.
Iron is obtained in free state as oxide and it is smelted in a Blast Furnace with the help of coke and
limestone.
(B) Fabrication Process concerning Making of Steel: Steel making involves re-melting the pig iron and
processing the molten iron to reduce the carbon content. Several other metals are then added to give
physical characteristics to the iron. This process is used in manufacturing high grade alloy steel because
of the improved control.
(C) Fabrication Process concerning Rolling of Steel: In this process, liquid steel is cast into ingots. These
rectangular pyramids are then rolled into blooms which square section lengths of steel. Blooms are
further heated and rolled into billets of smaller cross-section, which are then converted into various
fabricated lengths like beams, angles, rods, flats, sheets, plates, etc.
(D) Fabrication of Steel: The fabrication requirements are designed based and depends upon the
complexity of the process. It is done when steel materials are to be shaped in different forms.